Abstract

In Caliciales both passive and active spore dispersal occurs. A review of the distribution of 162 species is given. Species with small spores have wider distribution than species with large spores, irrespective of dispersal strategy. In antitropical species there is only rarely a differentiation between Northern and Southern Hemisphere populations. It is concluded that in several small-spored genera long-distance dispersal has been instrumental in dispersing the species and range extensions have been much more frequent than in large-spored species for which vicariance explanations are more appropriate. Comparisons with bryophyte distributions show differences in dispersal strategies and distribution patterns.

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