Distribution Pattern of Shrimps and Fish AmongAvicenniaandRhizophoraMicrohabitats in the Pagbilao Mangroves, Philippines

Abstract

For sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems, there is a pressing need to increase our knowledge of fish and invertebrates associated with this system. This study sampled microhabitats (89–258m2) inside the mangrove forest at Pagbilao, the Philippines, on two consecutive spring tides using stake nets. Distribution patterns of shrimps and fish were compared among four microhabitats that differed in dominant mangrove species (Avicennia marina,A. officinalisorRhizophora apiculata), structural complexity of the root system, and proximity to open water habitat. A 5 to 6-year-old replantedRhizophoramicrohabitat was also sampled to study faunal recolonization following replantation. The mean (±SE) density of the shrimp community was 1·5±0·2 shrimpsm−2, dominated by Palaemonidae, followed byAcetessp.,Penaeus merguiensisandMetapenaeus ensis. The highest shrimp density was observed in the replantedRhizophorahabitat, which also had the highest structural complexity. The mean (±SE) density and biomass of the fish community was 5·1±2·0 fishm−2and 10·4±3·3gm−2, respectively, dominated byAmbassis kopsi,A. urotaeniaandAtherinomorus balabacensis. The fish community preferred the pneumatophore (Avicennia) microhabitats to the prop root (Rhizophora) habitats. Highest fish abundance and biomass were observed in the most inland habitat, which also lacked larger (total length >100mm) carnivorous fish. The results demonstrate the extensive use of intertidal mangrove forests by vagile fauna, as well as the successful recolonization by shrimps and fish of replantedRhizophorahabitat. The role of mangroves as predation refuges, based on the distribution pattern of shrimps and fish, is discussed. Sampling strategies in mangrove intertidal habitat are also outlined.