Distribution of Triterpenoids and Steroids in Developing Rugosa Rose (Rosarugosa Thunb.) Accessory Fruit.

Soyol Dashbaldan,Cezary Pączkowski,Agata Rogowska,Anna Szakiel

doi:10.3390/molecules26175158

Soyol Dashbaldan, Cezary Pączkowski + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175158

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Abstract

Triterpenoids and steroids are considered to be important for the fruit quality and health-promoting properties for the consumers. The aim of the study was the determination of the changes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis and the accumulation in hypanthium and achenes of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) hip during fruit development and ripening at three different phenological stages (young fruits, fully developed unripe fruits, and matured fruits). Triterpenoids and steroids were also determined in the peel and the pulp of the matured hips. The obtained results indicated that the distribution of the analyzed compounds in different fruit tissues is a selective process. The increased rate of hydroxylation of triterpenoids, the deposition of hydroxylated acids in fruit surface layer, and the continuous biosynthesis of phytosterols in achenes versus its gradual repression in hypanthium accompanied by the accumulation of their biosynthetic intermediates and ketone derivatives seem to be characteristic metabolic features of maturation of rugosa rose accessory fruit. These observations, apart from providing the important data on metabolic modifications occurring in developing fruits, might have a practical application in defining fruit parts, particularly rich in bioactive constituents, to enable the development of novel functional products.

Highlights

IntroductionTriterpenoids and steroids, polycyclic compounds derived from the linear hydrocarbon squalene, are ubiquitously distributed throughout the plant kingdom, including
The distribution of low polar and hydrophobic triterpenoids and steroids in fruit tissues is not always predictable; these compounds are abundant in peel but they can be found in other fruit parts, such as flesh and seeds [2,27]
The present study revealed significant differences in the accumulation of triterpenoids and steroids in analyzed rugosa rose hip tissues and demonstrated some characteristic changes occurring during fruit development, and fruit maturation (Figure 4)

Summary

Introduction

Triterpenoids and steroids, polycyclic compounds derived from the linear hydrocarbon squalene, are ubiquitously distributed throughout the plant kingdom, including. Angiosperms and their fruits [1,2,3]. Triterpenoids and steroids present in fruits are of particular interest for the consumers due to their perceived health-promoting attributes. The proper dietary intake of phytosterols is associated with a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels [6], whereas the conjugated and non-conjugated triterpenoids are claimed to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, and anti-protozoal properties, as well as a number of health beneficial effects, e.g., the activity against cardiovascular disease and diabetes, the ability to suppress bone density loss leading to osteoporosis, and even to inhibit initiation, promotion, and metastasis of cancer [1,7]

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