Abstract
We analyzed distribution of toxin genes (sea-seo, eta, etb, tst, lukS/lukF-PV) among spa types and phage types of 39 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates from healthy and diseased animals. All isolates turned out to be mecA negative (MSSA). Nine spa types were identified: t144 and t723 (dogs), t084 (dogs and pigs), t5447 (cat), t1491 and t008 (pigs), t002, t127 and t3478 (poultry). Seven phage types were detected, enclosed within four phage groups: I (cat), II (dogs), III (pigs) and mixed group (dogs and pigs). Three poultry spa types proved to be non-typeable by phages. Toxin genes were detected in 33 out of the 39 animal isolates. Our analysis revealed that the incidence of some toxin genes in S. aureus is host specific. Canine isolates t144 of phage group II harbored exfoliative toxin gene (eta), and porcine isolates type t1491 representing phage group III showed enterotoxin A gene (sea). The enterotoxin gene cluster (egc1) and enterotoxin gene seh were found in non-typeable isolates from chicken and in one feline isolate type t5447.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is mostly a widely spread human pathogen, it can be isolated from animals (Devriese 1984; Sung et al 2008)
A total of 39 S. aureus isolates were identified, among them 16 canine (6 nasal isolates from healthy dogs and 10 isolates from skin lesions), one feline isolate from a cat with conjunctivitis, 15 porcine isolates from pigs with skin lesions and 7 poultry isolates from chicken with arthritis (n = 6) and septicemia (n = 1)
Poultry S. aureus isolates were represented by three types: t002 (n = 3), t127 and t3478 (n = 2 each)
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is mostly a widely spread human pathogen, it can be isolated from animals (Devriese 1984; Sung et al 2008). Staphylococcal strains vary depending on the host, some types can be isolated from both humans and animals. This was confirmed by recent molecular studies, as well as by previous research based on phage typing (Hasman et al 2010; Krynski et al 1981). Phage typing was one of the first methods used to analyze the relatedness of staphylococcal strains. Spa typing is the most widely used method for the first-line typing and epidemiological analyses. This method determines the sequence variation of the polymorphic region X of the spa gene for S. aureus surface protein A.
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