Distribution of the biased hypothesis sum of squares in linear models with missing observations

Abstract

In a linear model with missing observations, one can substitute algebraic quantities and then minimize the error sum of squares for the augmented model. This gives the correct error sum of squares. But this method does not produce the correct hypothesis sum of squares for testing a linear hypothesis about the parameters. The sum of squares obtained is biased but practitioners still use it. The distribution of this biased sum of squares is derived in this paper and the consequences of using this biased sum of squares on the type I and II errors is examined.