Distribution of β-Thalassemia Mutations in the Indian Population Referred to a Diagnostic Center

Abstract

Hemoglobinopathies are the most commonly inherited genetic disorders in India. Population screening has identified certain communities in India with high risk of β-thalassemia, the prevalence of carrier status in some being as high as 17%. Over a period of 6 years we have conducted DNA analysis on 1,233 carriers of 23 β-thalassemia mutations and Hb E, using the amplification refractory mutation system. The studies included analyses of five common mutations for Asian Indians, namely IVS-I-5 (G→C), 619 bp deletion, IVS-I-1 (G→T), and the frameshifts at codons 8/9 (+G) and 41/42 (-TTCT). The occurrence of these was seen in 1,066 (86.45%) of the carriers referred to us, the percentage of mutations varying between 5.03–42.58%. We found codon 15 (TGG→TAG) in 47 (3.81%) samples which was also considered a common mutation in the Indian population. Rare β-thalassemia mutations were found in 87 (7.06%) individuals. We have designed five new primers and modified four primers for nine rare mutations. These were seen in nine (0.73%) samples. The β-thalassemia anomaly in 33 (2.68%) carriers remained uncharacterized. State-wide and community-wide distribution patterns of mutations indicated that IVS-I-5 (G←C) is the most common β-thalassemia allele in the Indian population. Sindhis settled in Gujrat, and Maharashtra and Lohanas from Gujrat showed a prevalence of the 619 bp deletion mutation in 49.2 and 45.5% carriers, respectively. High frequency of the IVS-I-1 (G←T) mutation was also found in Sindhis (25.5%), Punjabi Hindus (34.7%), and Lohanas (31.2%). These studies of mutation patterns in different communities have helped us in the quick identification of β-thalassemia mutations for prenatal diagnosis.