Distribution of sulfa resistant bacteria and resistance gene of E. coli in different poultry farm regions

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance had increased in recent years, raising the concern of public health authorities. 210 Escherichia coli (E. coli) were isolated from soil samples around the chicken farm, dove farm and quails farm to assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Broth microdilution and PCR were used for the sulfonamides susceptibility testing and detection of sulphonamides resistance genes respectively. Between the isolates, 66 (31.4 %) were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole agents. The separated sulfonamides -resistant also exhibit resistance to other of antibiotics according to CLSI standard. And so sulfonamides -resistant bacteria had the highest resistance to chloramphenicol, middle resistance to tolerance ability of penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and the lowest resistance to rifamicin. Sulfonamide resistance was different from isolated E. coli. sul1, sul 2 and int 1 were detected more higher than int 2 and sul 3. In addition, there were 89 detected resistance genes in soil. Among them, there were 48 strains contained one kind of resistance genes. Meantime, there were 6 strains contained two kinds of resistance genes, while there were 4 strains contained three kinds of resistance genes. Only there was 1 strain contained four genes in the chicken farm, dove farm and quails farm, respectively. So was1 strain contained five genes in the chicken farm. Oddly enough, 4 sensitivity strains were not detected resistance gene. The results showed that the sulfonamide resistance of bacteria had multiple antibiotic resistances which were isolated from E. coli in the poultry farm. While different proportion of sulfonamides resistance genes was observed in different animal species. In conclusion, antibiotic resistance bacteria and resistance genes related with a lot of factors, mutations in genes involved in drug metabolism have been well-associated with drug resistance. Obviously, the sulfonamides resistance did not coincide with the presence of such genes completely in this study.