Abstract
Sulphonamides resistant strains are highly prevalent in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates. Sul genes encode sulphonamide resistance and are present on transferrable plasmids. Integrons (IGNs) are genetic elements containing integrase gene, attl site and gene cassettes which carry multiple antibiotic resistant genes. Class 1 integrons have been extensively studied because these were most prevalent among clinical isolates. In this study, UPEC isolates were determined for the antibiotic susceptibility patterns to four antibiotics commonly used for urinary tract infections, which include co-trimethoxazole (TMP-STX). Distribution of sul genes and integrase1 gene (intI1) was studied in TMP-STX resistant UPEC isolates by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). Sul genes variants were investigated by DNA sequencing of the whole open reading frame of sul1 and sul2 genes and PCR product of sul3 gene. Sul1, sul2 and sul3 genes were prevalent in 37 (24.7%) of 150 UPEC isolates. IntI1 is positive in 22 sul genes positive isolates. Of six isolates positive with sul2 genes, sul2(a) and sul2(b) variants, which were described in the previous study, in the four isolates and the two isolates respectively were observed. This is the first mPCR which investigates the prevalence of three sul genes and intI1 in the UPEC clinical isolates from two hospitals of Sabah.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 213-220
Highlights
The major problem in treatment of UTI is the resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to antimicrobial agents
These UPEC isolates were derived from urine samples sent to microbiology laboratory of two hospitals, Hospital Queen Elizabeth and Hospital Papar which are located around Kota Kinabalu, Sabah and we have checked for significant bacteriuria to include in the criteria for UPEC
Results of antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value One hundred and fifty UPEC isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility patterns with four antibiotics commonly used for UTI, which were mentioned in the method
Summary
The major problem in treatment of UTI is the resistance of UPEC to antimicrobial agents. The previous studies indicated that there is increasing trend of UPEC resistance to TMP-STX. In Europe, TMP-STX resistance rates among uropathogens increased from 0–5% before 1990 to 9–26% in 1999 and 2000 (Blahna et al, 2006). After their clinical introduction in 1935, sulfonamides were used to treat bacterial and protozoal infections. Competition of sulfonamides with the structural analog p-aminobenzoic acid for binding to dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), results in inhibition of the formation of dihydrofolic acid (Skold, 2000). Resistance to sulfonamides in E. coli can result from mutations in the chromosomal DHPS gene (folP) as well as the acquisition of an alternative DHPS gene (sul). The protein encoded by sul gene has a lower affinity for sulphonamides
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