Abstract
Sugarcane cultivation in Japan has not yet focused on suppressing plant-parasitic nematodes. For proper nematode management, it is essential to know the spatial distribution of economically important plant-parasitic nematodes and free-living nematodes that play important roles in terrestrial ecosystems. We aimed to reveal nematode fauna and soil properties in 85 sugarcane fields of three major sugarcane producing islands in Japan, and to examine their relationship by using the mixed-effect model and by visualizing the spatial distributions using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) approach. The nematode community structures were analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Among plant-parasitic nematodes in sugarcane, the root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus sp.) and the stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus sp.) were widely distributed in these islands, yet the abundance and the species varied geospatially. Soil pH was significantly correlated with the abundance of Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus species. The abundance of Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus species were significantly correlated with soil pH. The abundance of Pratylenchus was significantly correlated with the abundance of free-living nematodes, the number of free-living nematode species, and exchangeable cation K+, as were the abundance of Tylenchorhynchus to the clay content and that of non-Tylenchorhynchus. This study also revealed that the three islands had different nematode faunas, which were explained especially by soil pH, texture, and exchangeable basic cations.
Highlights
More than 310 species of 48 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes have been reported in sugarcane [1], and these nematode genera include Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus and Xiphinema
Our preliminary study showed that the major species of the root-lesion nematodes might be P. zeae and P. coffeae and that those of the stunt nematodes might be T. leviterminalis and T. annulatus in Okinawa’s sugarcane fields, yet the geospatial distribution of these nematode species and nematode community structures have not been studied
Further study is needed for more comprehensive understanding of below-ground microbial ecosystem. This study revealed both Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus species were widely distributed in sugarcane fields in Okinawa, Japan
Summary
More than 310 species of 48 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes have been reported in sugarcane [1], and these nematode genera include Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus and Xiphinema. Reported 10% to 30% sugarcane yield losses caused by plant-parasitic nematodes, and occasionally, a greater than 40% yield reduction due to plant-parasitic nematodes in Africa [1]. Previous studies [6,7] indicated about 20% yield losses in spring planting and successive ratoon crops due to plant-parasitic nematodes (principally Pratylenchus) in Okinawa, Japan, where our previous survey (unpublished) showed species of Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus as major plant-parasitic nematodes. Okinawa is located in the subtropical region, 1500–2000 km south-west of Tokyo. It is the major sugarcane producing area in Japan. The yield has declined and was 58.8 t ha−1
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