Distribution of risks and prevalence of unscreened hypertension among adults living in rural of Dano District, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020: Community based cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundHypertension affects more than one quarter of adults worldwide and one in three peoples in developing countries. Although Hypertension is known to be a silent medical condition, there is limited information on the prevalence of unscreened hypertension and associated factors among rural dwellers in Ethiopia in general and Dano district in particular. ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of unscreened hypertension and associated factors among adults living in the rural area of Dano district, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia 2020. Methods and materialsA community-based cross-sectional study was employed. A multi-stage sampling technique was used, to select 605 Adults from the rural community of Dano District, from May 23 -July 5, 2020. Data were collected by trained BSc nurses and Public health officers. Standardized WHO STEPS survey tool was used to collect socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the participants. Standardized digital blood pressure device was used to measure blood pressure. The mean score of three blood measurements was used to classify hypertension after intra-class correlation was tested. Gmate™ blood glucose measuring device was used to measure blood sugar. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors independently associated with unscreened hypertension. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% CI was estimated to measure the strength of association. The level of statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. The results presented by tables and figures. ResultThe prevalence of unscreened hypertension was 14.6%, (95% CI: 11.95%, 17.4%). Being in age of 19–33 years[(AOR: 2.5,95%CI:(1,6)], having family history of hypertension [AOR = 3.1,95%CI:(1.23,7.77)],having other chronic disease [AOR = 0.28,95%CI:(0.11, 0.72)], participants’ health-seeking behavior to hypertension[AOR = 3.3,95%CI:(1.6,6.5)] and participants knowledge about hypertension[AOR = 2.3,95%CI:(1.2,4.5)]were independently associated with unscreened hypertension. ConclusionThe evidence from this study shows unscreened hypertension is prevalent among adults in the study area. Therefore, opportunistic screening of adults regardless of their age and health status is important.