Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is evolutionary conserved and play a critical role in proper tissue development and function. During central nervous system development, PCP proteins exhibit specific patterns of distribution and are indispensable for axonal growth, dendritogenesis, neuronal migration, and neuronal differentiation. The retina constitutes an excellent model in which to study molecular mechanisms involved in neural development. The analysis of the spatiotemporal expression of PCP proteins in this model constitutes an useful histological approach in order to identify possible roles of these proteins in retinogenesis. Immunohistochemical techniques revealed that Frz6, Celsr1, Vangl1, Pk1, Pk3, and Fat1 were present in emerging axons from recently differentiated ganglion cells in the chicken retina. Except for Vangl1, they were also asymmetrically distributed in differentiated amacrine cells. Pk1 and Pk3 were restricted in the outer nuclear layer to the outer segment of photoreceptors. Vangl1 was also located in the cell somata of Müller glia. Given these findings together, the distribution of PCP proteins in the developing chicken retina suggest essential roles in axonal guidance during early retinogenesis and a possible involvement in the establishment of cell asymmetry and maintenance of retinal cell phenotypes.
Highlights
Planar cell polarity (PCP) consists in a coordinate alignment of cells across a tissue plane
We first analyzed the sequence conservation of the PCP proteins in G. gallus compared to other model species
The distribution of PCP proteins in the developing G. gallus retina was carefully examined from E3, coinciding with the differentiation of the first ganglion cell neuroblasts (McCabe et al, 1999; Francisco- Morcillo et al, 2005; Bejarano-Escobar et al, 2015; de Mera-Rodríguez et al, 2019), to E15, an stage in which retinal cell types concluded their morphological differentiation and the different retinal layers were well established (Drenhaus et al, 2007; de Mera-Rodríguez et al, 2019)
Summary
Planar cell polarity (PCP) consists in a coordinate alignment of cells across a tissue plane. Initial and important studies have been carried out in the wing of Drosophila melanogaster to establish the features and function of the proteins involved in it, in both adult and developing tissues (Das et al, 2002; Bastock et al, 2003). All these developmental events are regulated by two different pathways: the Fat-Dachsous (Ft-Ds) group and the Frizzled-PCP core (Fz-PCP) (Singh and Mlodzik, 2012; Devenport, 2014). At very early stages of development, PCP signaling controls the establishment of left-right asymmetry (Axelrod, 2020)
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