Distribution of pigment dispersing hormone- and tachykinin-related peptides in the central nervous system of the copepod crustacean Calanus finmarchicus

Abstract

Peptides represent the largest class of signaling molecules used by nervous systems, functioning as locally-released paracrines and circulating hormones in both invertebrates and vertebrates. While many studies have focused on elucidating peptidergic systems in higher crustaceans, little is known about neuropeptides in the more primitive crustacean taxa. Here, we have begun an investigation of the peptides present in the central nervous system (CNS) of the copepod crustacean Calanus finmarchicus, presenting immunohistochemical data on the presence and distribution of pigment dispersing hormone (PDH) and tachykinin-related peptide (TRP). In this species, strong PDH-like immunoreactivity was restricted to one pair of somata in the protocerebrum (PC) and the axonal projections emanating from them. TRP-like immunopositive structures were present in the PC, deutocerebrum (DC), tritocerebrum (TC), and ventral nerve cord (VNC). In the PC, a single soma in the left hemisphere was labeled. This neuron appears to be the source of a centrally located, bilaterally symmetric plexus present within the PC. In the DC, two pairs of intensely immunopositive somata were labeled, each projecting axons toward the posterior and producing an extensive collection of putative release terminals that spans the DC, TC, and anterior portion of the VNC. Several other more weakly labeled somata were also present in the DC. Double-labeling studies indicated that no co-localization of PDH- and TRP-like peptides is present in the C. finmarchicus CNS. As preadsorption controls completely abolished each label, we feel these data represent accurate distributions of PDH- and TRP-like peptides within the C. finmarchicus CNS, thus providing a framework for future studies of the functional roles members of these peptide families play in this copepod species.