Abstract
The positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was employed to identify the chemical composition of heteroatomic compounds in four distillates of Fushun shale oil, and their catalytic cracking performance was investigated. There are nine classes of basic nitrogen compounds (BNCs) and eleven classes of non-basic heteroatomic compounds (NBHCs) in the different distillates. The dominant BNCs are mainly basic N1 class species. The dominant NBHCs are mainly acidic O2 and O1 class species in the 300–350 °C, 350–400 °C, and 400–450 °C distillates, while the neutral N1, N1O1 and N2 compounds become relatively abundant in the > 450 °C fraction. The basic N1 compounds and acidic O1 and O2 compounds are separated into different distillates by the degree of alkylation (different carbon number) but not by aromaticity (different double-bond equivalent values). The basic N1O1 and N2 class species and neutral N1 and N2 class species are separated into different distillates by the degrees of both alkylation and aromaticity. After the catalytic cracking of Fushun shale oil, the classes of BNCs in the liquid products remain unchanged, while the classes and relative abundances of NBHCs vary significantly.
Highlights
Oil shale is generally defined as a fine-grained sedimentary rock containing an organic substance called kerogen
The catalytic cracking performance of Fushun shale oil and its distillates was investigated by employing a microactivity test (MAT) unit and a commercial equilibrium fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst LVR-60R
The nitrogen content of F4 is the largest, followed by the nitrogen content of F2 and F3, and the nitrogen content of F1 is the smallest; the Nb/Nt ratio of F1 is the largest among all four distillates. These results indicate that some nitrogen compounds, especially basic nitrogen compounds, may be concentrated in a relatively narrow fraction range, not uniformly distributed or regularly increasing or decreasing with the increase in fraction temperature
Summary
Oil shale is generally defined as a fine-grained sedimentary rock containing an organic substance called kerogen. ESI FT-ICR MS has been widely employed to identify the nitrogen- and oxygen-containing species in crude oil and its distillates (Qian et al 2001a; Klein et al 2006; Shi et al 2010a; Smith et al 2008), coker gas oil (Zhu et al 2011; Shi et al 2010b), and shale oils (Jin et al 2012; Tong et al 2013; Chen et al 2012; Bae et al 2010). We identify the chemical composition and molecular structures of heteroatomic species in four distillates of Fushun shale oil, including their classes, types, and carbon numbers, by employing positive- and negative-ion ESI FT-ICR MS. The results of this paper will be helpful and essential in providing a more efficient and profitable process for refining shale oil into transportation fuels and specialty chemicals
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