Abstract

IS 91 is the prototype element of a family of bacterial insertion sequences that transpose by a rolling-circle mechanism. Although previously considered a rarity among IS elements, many new examples have been identified by sequence analysis of bacterial genomes. In this work we provide a summary of occurrences of IS 91-like sequences in the GenBank database, characterise the genetic organisation of adjacent sequences, and analyse IS 91 ecological significance under the light of current transposition mechanisms. Interestingly, IS 91 family elements were usually found adjacent to pathogenicity- and virulence-related genes. Thus, this might constitute the niche for IS 91 and IS 91 family elements to play an important role in the dissemination and evolution of virulence and pathogenicity types of genes.

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