Distribution of Imported Glyphosate in Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Rhizomes in Relation to Assimilate Accumulation

Abstract

The fact that quackgrass may occasionally escape control by the herbicide glyphosate is thought to result from the wide range in growth rate and sink activity among rhizome buds, especially in older portions of the rhizome. To study growth of rhizome structures, we supplied whole plants with14CO2throughout a 10-h light period and determined the amount of labeled carbon accumulated by the end of the subsequent 14-h night. Growth of rhizome structures during this 24-h period was estimated by determining their growth rate coefficients: the amount of labeled carbon accumulated per unit of carbon present in the structure. Growth rate coefficients generally were high for the rhizome tip that is enclosed in a sheath and the adjacent bud and rhizome segment, with values decreasing rapidly in a basipetal direction. However, extensive differences in the level and pattern of assimilate accumulation among rhizome structures were observed as rhizome development continued. Glyphosate accumulation generally paralleled the level of assimilate accumulation even though the range among rhizome structures for both increased with rhizome age. As a result of the increased variability among buds, some of the older buds will accumulate only a small, perhaps sublethal, amount of glyphosate and this may explain the tendency of the buds in older regions to escape control by glyphosate.