Abstract
Both Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are endemic in Brazil. In Salvador, the capital of the state of Bahia, 2% and 1.5% of the general population is infected with HTLV-1 or HCV. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the distribution of HTLV/HCV coinfection in Bahia. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Central Laboratory of Public Health for the state of Bahia (LACEN-BA). All samples in the LACEN database submitted to serological testing for anti-HCV (chemiluminescence) and anti-HTLV-1/2 (chemiluminescence/ELISA and Western blot) from 2004 to 2013 were included. Infection rate was expressed as the number of infected individuals per 100,000 inhabitants in a given municipality; municipalities were grouped by microregion for further analysis. A total of 120,192 samples originating from 358 of the 417 municipalities in Bahia (85.8%) were evaluated. The overall HCV coinfection rate in HTLV-positive was 14.31% [2.8 (ranging from 0.4 to 8.0) per 100,000 inhabitants.] Twenty-one (5%) of the municipalities reported at least one case of HTLV/HCV coinfection. Most cases (87%) were concentrated in three microregions (Salvador: 79%, Ilhéus/Itabuna: 5%, Porto Seguro: 3%). Coinfection occurred more frequently in males (51%) with a mean age of 59 [(IQR): 46-59] years. HTLV/HCV coinfection in the state of Bahia was more frequently found among males living in the microregions of Salvador, Ilhéus/Itabuna and Porto Seguro, all of which are known to be endemic for HTLV infection.
Highlights
Both human T-Lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are transmitted by parenteral exposure to contaminated blood or blood products [1,2,3]
HTLV-positive samples submitted to confirmatory Western blotting produced 713 [0.6%, 95% CI: 0.55–0.64, (713/120,192)] results with seroreactivity for HTLV: 641 (90%) were positive for Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), 29 (4.0%) for HTLV-2, and 43 (6%) were positive for both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2
The present study represents the first analysis of HTLV/HCV coinfection performed in the entire state of Bahia, which is considered endemic for both HTLV and HCV infections [11, 31]
Summary
Both human T-Lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are transmitted by parenteral exposure to contaminated blood or blood products [1,2,3]. HTLV can be transmitted sexually [4] and vertically from mother-to-child, predominantly through. HTLV and Hepatitis C Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil
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