DISTRIBUTION OF HONEY BEES INVASIONS AND INFECTIONS PATHOGENS IN THE TYUMEN REGION APIARIES

Abstract

During 2017-2020, 424 samples of bees and brood from bee colonies of 54 apiaries located in 7 districts of the Tyumen region were studied for the presence pathogens of mites invasions, microsporidiosis, mycoses, bacterioses and viroses. The study of bee and brood samples revealed the Varroa destructor mites, microsporidia Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis, the pathogenic fungus Ascosphaera apis, and sacbrood virus (SBV). The surveyed apiaries were not favorably for varroatosis (100.0%), nosematosis (40.7%), ascospherosis (9.2%), and saccular brood (5.5%).The Mites V. destructor were found in all studied samples at the same time 51.4% of the studied colonies had a high level of invasion from 5.0 to 89.2% accompanied by the death of bees in the autumn-winter period. The agents causing nosematosis were registered in the bees samples from 22 apiaries in the region (23.8% of studied samples). At the same time, the microsporidium N. ceranae was detected in 95 colonies from 5 districts of the region, which is 22.4% of the total number of studied samples. Microsporidia N. apis was found in 3 samples (Isetskiy district) and both pathogens were found in 0.7% of samples (1 sample from Isetskiy and 2 samples from Tyumen district). The infection rate of the samples ranges from 2.25 to 9.30 million spores per bee. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that Microsporidia N. ceranae is largely predominant in bee colonies. It is the main causative agents of bee diseases in apiaries of the Tyumen region. The high infestation of bee colonies by varroa mites reflects the lack of control over the effectiveness of treatment and prophylactic measures carried out in apiaries.