Abstract
BackgroundRecent advances in the measurement of health literacy allow description of a broad range of personal and social dimensions of the concept. Identifying differences in patterns of health literacy between population sub-groups will increase understanding of how health literacy contributes to health inequities and inform intervention development. The aim of this study was to use a multi-dimensional measurement tool to describe the health literacy of adults in urban and rural Victoria, Australia.MethodsData were collected from clients (n = 813) of 8 health and community care organisations, using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Demographic and health service data were also collected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Effect sizes (ES) for standardised differences in means were used to describe the magnitude of difference between demographic sub-groups.ResultsMean age of respondents was 72.1 (range 19–99) years. Females comprised 63 % of the sample, 48 % had not completed secondary education, and 96 % reported at least one existing health condition. Small to large ES were seen for mean differences in HLQ scales between most demographic groups. Compared with participants who spoke English at home, those not speaking English at home had much lower scores for most HLQ scales including the scales ‘Understanding health information well enough to know what to do’ (ES −1.09 [95 % confidence interval (CI) -1.33 to −0.84]), ‘Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers’ (ES −1.00 [95 % CI −1.24, −0.75]), and ‘Navigating the healthcare system’ (ES −0.72 [95 % CI −0.97, −0.48]). Similar patterns and ES were seen for participants born overseas compared with those born in Australia. Smaller ES were seen for sex, age group, private health insurance status, number of chronic conditions, and living alone.ConclusionsThis study has revealed some large health literacy differences across nine domains of health literacy in adults using health services in Victoria. These findings provide insights into the relationship between health literacy and socioeconomic position in vulnerable groups and, given the focus of the HLQ, provide guidance for the development of equitable interventions.
Highlights
Recent advances in the measurement of health literacy allow description of a broad range of personal and social dimensions of the concept
This study aims to describe the health literacy of a sample of adults who access local government, community health and acute healthcare services in urban and rural Victoria, Australia and who are participating in a larger study called the Ophelia (Optimising Health Literacy and Access in Victoria) Study [32]
Study design This paper reports the first phase of the Ophelia Study: a collaborative project that aims to build a Health Literacy Response Framework, including developing and testing a suite of health literacy interventions
Summary
Recent advances in the measurement of health literacy allow description of a broad range of personal and social dimensions of the concept. Health literacy refers to the characteristics and social resources needed for people to access, understand and use information to make decisions about health. Individuals and communities can have health literacy strengths as well as limitations that influence how effectively they engage with health information and services. Health services can have strengths and limitations in the way in which they respond to people with different health literacy requirements. We have adopted the term ‘health literacy responsiveness’ to describe the ways in which health organisations and products (e.g. signage and medicine labels) enable health information and services to be accessible to people with different health literacy abilities [3]. For a service to be ‘health literacy responsive’, it needs to implement practices that support all people regardless of their levels of health literacy [3, 4] and needs to understand the health literacy strengths and limitations of people in the communities that it seeks to serve
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