Distribution of Five Years of Ph.D. Research in the Social Sciences

Abstract

4. The duration of life of the great monarchs is higher than that of the average ones. 5. A lower royal longevity in comparison with that of the non-royal prominent men is the result of the influence of the monarchs' environment and occupation. 6. This is corroborated by the detrimental character of the royal environment and occupation; by a shorter actual in comparison with the expected duration of life of the American public men; by a high per cent of death by violence among monarchs; by the fact that the posterior generations of the same dynasty have a shorter longevity than the preceding ones; by a very close correlation between the age of ascent to the throne and that of death. 7. The group of monarchs and State executives gives the highest per cent of death by violence. Nearly one-third of them died in this way. In this respect the presidents of modem democracies are in a position no better than that of hereditary monarchs. 8. The royal group in general shows an extraordinarily high per cent of men of talent and men of mental deficiency: the higher the per cent of great kings, the higher the per cent of mentally deficient. 9. The position of monarch has not been closed for the upstarts. The per cent of upstarts among the monarchs strongly fluctuates from time to time, from country to country. In some countries it was as high as the per cent of presidents of democracies who came out of the poor and humble families. In general, the per cent of upstarts among presidents of modem democracies is higher than that among the monarchs of autocratic societies. io. Hereditary monarchs ascend to the throne at an age considerably earlier than that of the upstarts. The same is true in regard to other high social positions. ii. Average duration of reign of monarchs strongly fluctuates from country to country. In general, it is longer than the period of service of the elected presidents or the elected Roman Catholic popes.