Distribution of energy usage in wireless sensor networks for polygonal coverage

Abstract

The increasing concentration of data traffic on sensors towards the base station in multi hop and escalating rate of energy drainage due to higher transmission distance at sensors towards the boundary in single hop communication cause an extremely non-uniform energy usage. This non-uniformity in energy usage makes some nodes to die early reducing the networkpsilas lifetime drastically leaving considerable amount of residual energy in others. In this work, we extend the single hop, multi hop and their hybrid transmission policies proposed in V. Mhatre and C. Rosenberg (2004) for polygonal network area instead of circular area. Through mathematical analysis we present the distribution of energy usage among sensors in different rings for polygonal network. Our work presents a more generalized theoretical analysis of network lifetime from transmission policy perspective considering practical deployment scenario. Numerical results show that multi hop transmission performs better than single hop transmission for path loss factor four and hybrid transmission policy performs better in terms of network lifetime and energy distribution than single hop and multi hop transmissions irrespective of network size.