Distribution of density and zoning patterns of mangrove forest in eastern coastal Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia has the largest mangrove forest in the world, touching 3.2 million hectares or the equivalent of 22.6% of the total mangrove forests, and the results of the updated national mangrove map in 2021 cover an area of 3,364,080 hectares. One of the mangrove ecosystems located in Wonosari Village, Panai Hilir District, Labuhanbatu Regency, focuses on analyzing each zone’s density distribution and formation. This study aims to analyze the density distribution of mangrove vegetation in 2002 and 2022 and the formation of mangrove vegetation. The method used in this research is NDVI analysis and IVI analysis by conducting vegetation analysis. The results obtained are the density of vegetation in 2002 and 2022, the highest density class value, namely density with an NDVI value range of 0.3 – 0.4 with an area of 415.61 ha in 2002 and 2022 with an area of 495.53 ha. The vegetation density class in 2002 and 2022, which experienced the greatest increase, was the vegetation density class covering an area of 79,92 ha, and the very dense vegetation density decreased by 111.80 ha. The mangrove vegetation formation is divided into three zones: the open zone found Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera parviflora, and Avicennia alba. In the middle zone found the species of Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera parviflora, and in the back zone, which is on the mainland, found the species of Xylocarpus granatum, Acrostichum aureum, Excoecaria agallocha.