Distribution of demographic characteristics and predisposing disease in oral candidiasis patients at Prof. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar in 2022-2023

Abstract

Oral candidiasis is an infection that occurs in the oral cavity due to invasion of Candida sp. in the superficial mucosal tissue. Oral candidiasis tends to occur in individuals with underlying predisposing diseases. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of demographic characteristics and underlying disease in oral candidiasis patients at Prof. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 53 participants with oral candidiasis that were selected through total sampling. Data for this study were collected retrospectively from medical records. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of each variable. The average age of the samples was 41.15 ± 12.89 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.65:1; were from Denpasar (45.3%); the educational status of most patients was high school (71.7%); and most samples were self-employed (64.2%). Based on the distribution of predisposing diseases, most patients had HIV (52.8%) and only one predisposing disease (75.5%). Among patients with HIV, the majority were at HIV stage IV (35.8%). Most patients in this study had a normal nutritional status (47,2%). This study showed that oral candidiasis is often found in individuals with predisposing diseases, such as HIV, especially in stage IV. We also found oral candidiasis in the patients with no predisposing factor identified. The presence of oral candidiasis in healthy patients with no predisposing factor identified needs direct vigilance on other factors.