Abstract
The chemical element profiles of iron-gall ink writing before and after water treatment and deacidification were determined. A 17th century manuscript of rag paper was used in the study. The chemical elemental analysis was performed non-destructively by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. The concentration profiles of 15 elements ranging from Na to Pb were measured with the precision of 0.3 mm. Quantitative composition of ink and paper was determined and the elemental concentration changes due to the aqueous treatments were traced by PIXE. It is considered that the method can be developed and could help conservators in a decision making process.
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