Distribution of Capsular Types of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Peru.

Jesús D Rojas,Andrea J Mccoy,Vihasi Jani,Rosa G Nunez,Nereyda M Espinoza,Patricia Guerry,Manuela Bernal,Brian L Pike,Michael J Gregory,Paul A Ríos,Nathanael D Reynolds,Frédéric M Poly,Pablo P Yori,Janelle Kuroiwa,Rina A Meza,Mark P Simons,Margaret N Kosek

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0994

Abstract

.Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. A capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conjugate vaccine is under development and requires determination of the valency. However, distribution of CPS types circulating globally is presently poorly described. We aimed to determine whether CPS type distribution in Peru differs from that in other endemic regions. We used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of CPS encoding genes capable of distinguishing all 35 CPS types on Campylobacter isolates in two prospective communities based studies conducted in cohorts of children less than 59 months of age in Peru. Results showed that CPS type HS4 complex was the most prevalent, followed by HS3 complex and HS15. Differences in CPS type for symptomatology were not statistically significant. Most subjects demonstrated repeated infections over time with different CPS types, suggesting that CPS types may confer of a level of homologous protective immunity. In this dataset, some differences in CPS type distribution were observed in comparison to other low-middle income countries. Further studies need to be conducted in endemic areas to increase our knowledge of CPS type distribution and guide vaccine development.

Highlights

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human diarrheal disease in both industrialized settings and settings of extreme poverty.[1,2] a recent report by the WHO states that Campylobacter spp. are responsible for more than 96 million illnesses worldwide, including Guillain– Barresyndrome (GBS), a flaccid paralysis sequelae attributed to C. jejuni infections.[1]
Another 209 isolates were removed from the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) typing analysis; 174 Campylobacter were non-culturable and 35 isolates were unable to be confirmed as C. jejuni species
Of those subjected to CPS typing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 184 (41%) of the isolates were from the rural community in Iquitos and 270 (59%) were from the peri-urban shantytown in Lima

Summary

Introduction

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human diarrheal disease in both industrialized settings and settings of extreme poverty.[1,2] a recent report by the WHO states that Campylobacter spp. are responsible for more than 96 million illnesses worldwide, including Guillain– Barresyndrome (GBS), a flaccid paralysis sequelae attributed to C. jejuni infections.[1] In addition, developing countries are afflicted by C. jejuni infections, with the pediatric population being most susceptible to this pathogen.[3] Strikingly, despite its importance in global health, relatively little is known about virulence factors of this enteric pathogen.[4,5] In vitro, CadF, FlpA, and JlpA have been identified as proteins that play a critical role in adherence of Campylobacter to HEp2 human epithelial cells.[6] In addition, lipooligosaccharides, capsule, and flagella are recognized as playing a key role in the infectious process in INT407 and Caco-2 human epithelial cells.[7,8,9,10] In the last decade, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) has been shown to be a determinant for serum resistance, invasion, adherence, and colonization of the human cell lines Caco-2 and INT-4077 and for modulation of host immune response.[11]

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