Distribution of Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria in Sediment with Relation to Water Quality at the Musi River, Indonesia

Melki Melki,Jaka Widada,Alim Isnansetyo,Murwantoko Murwantoko

doi:10.4308/hjb.25.4.198

Abstract

The Musi River is located in the southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Most of activities, i.e. agricultural, industrial, and urban activities are considered as being major sources of chemicals and nutrients with their waste products effluent into the river. Nitrification, the microbial oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate, occurs in a wide variety of environments and naturally remove anthropogenic N pollution. The purpose of this research was to determine of distribution of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in sediment with relation to water quality at the Musi river area. This study was conducted on rainy and dry season 2016 at five sampling sites from the freshwater to seawater at high and low tide conditions, the sampling sites are station St1 (Gandus), station St2 (Palembang city), station St3 (Upang), station St4 (Sungsang), and station St5 (Sea). Sediment samples were collected from the surface layer by using an Ekman grab. Some water quality such as salinity, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were directly analyzed in the field, while other water quality such as NH4-N, NO2-N, and NO3-N were analyzed in the laboratory. The Density of AOB was determined by the most probable number of (MPN) method. The PCA was used to correlate variations of the AOB with physicochemical properties using software Xlstat. The results showed that the physicochemical properties had a range of salinity of 0 to 20 ppt, temperature of 29.21 to 31.82oC, pH of 4.88 to 7.93, DO of 3.44 to 11.33 mg/l, NH4-N in sediment of 0.04 to 0.87 mg/l, NO2-N in sediment of 0.01 to 1.77 mg/l, NO3-N in sediment of 0.09 to 2.08 mg/l. The density of AOB ranged from 7.2 x 102 to 6.1 x 103 cells/g sediment. Principal component analyses showed that temperature, pH, DO, and concentrations of nutrient contributed to density of AOB.

Highlights

Musi river is a large river with its drainage area covering three provinces in Sumatra Island of Indonesia, namely South Sumatra, Lampung, and Bengkulu, and with multi uses of its resources
The results showed that the physicochemical properties had a range of salinity of 0 to 20 ppt, temperature of 29.21 to 31.82oC, pH of 4.88 to 7.93, dissolved oxygen (DO) of 3.44 to 11.33 mg/l, NH4-N in sediment of 0.04 to 0.87 mg/l, NO2-N in sediment of 0.01 to 1.77 mg/l, NO3-N in sediment of 0.09 to 2.08 mg/l
The DO of the present study was found between 3.34 to 11.33 mg/l (Figure 2d), the highest DO was found at the St5 (Sea) in dry season at high tide, and the lowest DO was found at the St3 (Upang) in dry season at low tide

Summary

Introduction

Musi river is a large river with its drainage area covering three provinces in Sumatra Island of Indonesia, namely South Sumatra, Lampung, and Bengkulu, and with multi uses of its resources. At the downstream of Musi river, around the Palembang city, industries are mayor activities with their waste products are discharged directly into Musi river. Those particular activities have negative ecological impact on the aquatic organisms including bacteria (Husnah et al 2008). Nitrification, the microbial oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3-) via nitrite (NO2-), plays a critical biogeochemical role in both individual ecosystems and the global nitrogen (N) cycle. Ammonia oxidation is the first, rate-limiting step in nitrification, the. Vol 25 No 4, October 2018 microbials mediated process in which ammonium is oxidized to nitrite and to nitrate (Ward 2000). The abundance and the community structure of ammoniaoxidizing bacteria (AOB) can be affected by multiple global change indicators, such as atmospheric CO2, nitrogen deposition, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature (Kim et al 2008; Miranda et al 2008; Erguder et al 2009; Bernhard et al 2010)

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