Abstract
DNA markers on the X-chromosome have been shown to be a powerful tool for solving complex relationship cases such as deficiency paternity testing, mother–son, father–daughter, grandmother–granddaughter, putative sisters kinship testing. Male individuals inherit their one X-Chr from their mother, while female individuals receive one X from the mother and the other one from the father. So, females fathered by the same man share their paternal chromosome X [ 1 Szibor R. Krawczak M. Hering S. Edelmann J. Kuhlisch E. Krause D. Use of X-linked markers for forensic purposes. Int. J. Legal Med. 2003; 117: 67-74 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 2 Szibor R. X-chromosomal markers: past, present and future. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2007; 1: 93-99 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (182) Google Scholar , 3 Desmarais D. Zhong Y. Chakraborty R. Perreault C. Busque L. Development of a highly polymorphic STR marker for identity testing purposes at the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA). J. Forensic Sci. 1998; 43: 1046-1049 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 4 Szibor R. Plate I. Edelmann J. Hering S. Kuhlisch E. Michael M. Krause D. Chromosome X haplotyping in deficiency paternity testing principles and case report. Int. Congr. Ser. 2003; 1239: 815-820 Crossref Scopus (14) Google Scholar ].
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