Abstract
Equol is produced from daidzein, a soy isoflavone, through metabolism by intestinal bacteria, and benefits health. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate its physiological range, using 24h urinary equol excretion as an indicator, in Japanese people who consume soybeans in their usual diet. The 24h urine of 1345 subjects (545 men and 800 women) was collected, and equol, daidzein, and genistein concentrations were measured. Subjects with detectable equol in their urine (⩾0.27nmol/ml) were considered equol excretors. Among men, 36.3% were equol excretors; among women, 40.8%. The rate of equol excretors and urinary equol excretion differed significantly by age, but not by gender. In all equol excretors, the range of 24h urinary equol excretion was 0.4–318.0μmol/day; the median was 12.5μmol/day; and the 95th percentile was 119.2μmol/day. This range appears to be the physiological range of equol excretion in Japanese people who consume soy food regularly.
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