Abstract
Food safety and toxic metals accumulation in agricultural soil and food crops grown on such soils are major concern globally as a result of their significant health risks. This study was designed to evaluate the Manganese (Mn) level in vegetables, root tubers and agricultural soils in six communities in Gokana, Rivers State, Nigeria. Mn transfer from soil-to-plant, average daily intake, and human health risk were also calculated. The level of Mn in vegetables and root tubers ranged between 2.19±0.23 – 28.4±1.27 mg/kg and 8.11±0.99 – 56.4±2.12 mg/kg, respectively. While Mn in vegetables and root tubers associated soils ranged between 27.1±1.18 - 88.4±1.77 mg/kg and 33.4±1.84 - 92.3±1.39 mg/kg, respectively across the various study sites. The higher bio-concentration factor (BCF) was obtained for cassava from B-Dere, Gbe and Bodo City. About 55.2% of THQ calculated were > 1. In this study, the daily intake of Mn via the consumption of vegetables and root tubers are more likely to pose severe health risks to the exposed population in Gokana and children are more susceptible to Mn toxicity than adults.
Highlights
Food safety and toxic metals accumulation in agricultural crops are major concern globally as a result of their significant health risks [1,2,3,4]
Food safety and toxic metals accumulation in agricultural soil and food crops grown on such soils are major concern globally as a result of their significant health risks
The daily intake of Mn via the consumption of vegetables and root tubers are more likely to pose severe health risks to the exposed population in Gokana and children are more susceptible to Mn toxicity than adults
Summary
Food safety and toxic metals accumulation in agricultural crops are major concern globally as a result of their significant health risks [1,2,3,4]. It has been reported that heavy metals enter into the food chain via consumption of food crops [24] such as vegetables and root tubers This may lead to bioaccumulation of toxic metals in organs in the body and may lead to disease conditions [9]. The vegetables and root tubers are grown in crude oil spill contaminated environment resulting from artisanal bunkery and pipe line failure. These vegetables (pumpkin, waterleaf, bitter leaf and scent leaf) and root tubers (yam, water yam, cocoyam and cassava) are supplied to Kibangha market in Gokana local government area; a major market serving the population in Rivers State. This research was designed to investigate the levels of Mn in edible parts of vegetables and root tubers and to evaluate the pollution index and human health risks associated with them
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