Distribution Characteristics of Solute Nitrogen in the Water-Sediment of Farmland Drainage Ditch

Abstract

Along with the highlighted water environmental issues and the gradual effective renovation of the point source pollution (PSP) such as industrial waste, the agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNSP) caused by the non-scientific application of fertilizers and pesticides has attracted more and more attention. On the basis of strengthening the field "source control", making the best use of agricultural drainage ditch (pond) system "intercepting process" is a vital means of agriculture non-point source pollution control and management at the present stage. Ditch system is not only an important part of the farmland irrigation and drainage engineering, but also a vital corridor of AGNSP of solute transport. The unique farmland drainage ditch water-sediment-plant system in ecology and physics is similar to linear wetland function,and has effect of interception and purification on non-point source solute in farmland drainage. Non-point source solute transformation mechanism of each medium in the farmland drainage ditch water-sediment-plant system is unclear, in view of the current situation, the study took the natural channel as the object. Taking the non-point source solute nitrogen as an example, by field monitoring test during March 2014-February 2015, the distribution characteristics of non-point solute nitrogen in the water-sediment of the farmland drainage ditch were analyzed. The results indicated that the concentration of total nitrogen in water and the total nitrogen content in the sediment of the experimental ditches both showed a certain degree of decreasing trend along the longitudinal ditch, which represented a purification effect of the ditch system on the non-point source solute. The concentration of total nitrogen in water and the total nitrogen content in the sediment had big inhomogeneity in the ditch cross-sectional distribution, and its distribution characteristics were related to the shape of the cross-section, flow variation process, flow velocity distribution and other factors. The balance of the total nitrogen concentration was 76.89%, and the total nitrogen content in the sediment was 57.04%. During the trial period, the total nitrogen concentration in the water was "concave" shape, while in the sediment it was "convex" shape, showing opposite changing trends.