Abstract
Controlling the invasion of non-native fish species necessitates a complete understanding of the distribution of these species and the key factors that influence such distribution. In order to research the situation of non-native fish and the relevant influencing factors in the Liao River Basin, we investigated and analyzed the characteristics of the distribution and the trophic levels of non-native fish species, as well their response to different types of factors in the basin. Nine non-native fish species were found during the investigation, and the trophic levels of these species ranged between 2.00 and 3.84. The results of generalized linear models indicate that the distribution of non-native fish species in the basin is mainly related to anthropogenic activities, socioeconomic development, and climate. The southeastern part of the Liao River Basin is conducive to the distribution of non-native fish species. Furthermore, on a spatial scale, we also found that the mean trophic level of non-native fish species was not correlated with anthropogenic activities and socioeconomic development in the Liao River Basin. By providing evidence for the links between non-native fishes and different types of factors, our study contributes to increasing the relevant references for and experiences in the early detection and management of non-native fishes on a basin scale.
Highlights
Invasive non-native species have become a serious environmental issue worldwide
Non-native fish species found in the basin include the following: (1) fish native to China that had been translocated outside their natural range
Our results show that the factors which exert a significant relationship with the distribution of non-native fish species in the Liao River Basin can be divided into four categories: (1) habitat factors, including channelization and channel flow status; (2) water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen; (3) land use, including water and construction areas; (4) climate factors, including mean annual precipitation (MAP)
Summary
Invasive non-native species have become a serious environmental issue worldwide. Invasive species are considered threats to the environment and the economy [1], and are known to cause major economic losses in agriculture, forestry, and other sectors of the world economy [2,3]. The economic costs inflicted by invasive non-native species are considerable, i.e., amount yearly to hundreds of billions of dollars worldwide [4]. Freshwater ecosystems are subject to a wide range of anthropogenic threats, and the introduction of non-native species is one of the major threats [6]. Non-native species can cause impacts in the ecosystems to which they are introduced [7]. These impacts are dramatic and may result in the extinction of native species or radical changes in ecosystem functioning [7,8,9,10]
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