Distribution and Seasonal Activity of Phlebotominae Sand Flies in Yazd and Its Outskirts, Center of Iran.

Motahareh Mirhoseini,Aref Salehzadeh,Najmeh Rahmanzadeh,Amir Hosein Zahirnia,Sara Ramazan Jamaat

doi:10.1155/2017/1486845

Motahareh Mirhoseini, Aref Salehzadeh + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1486845

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Abstract

Background Phlebotominae sand flies are the main vectors of leishmaniasis and some other diseases. Materials and Methods Using sticky traps, sand flies were collected fortnightly from outdoors and indoors areas of selected sites. Results A total of 2032 specimens (498 in the city and 1534 in the outskirts of Yazd) belonging to 11 species were collected. The activity of sand flies started in early-April and ended in mid-November. There were two peaks of activity in the end of April and mid-September. Phlebotomus sergenti and P. papatasi were the most abundant species in the city and outskirts of Yazd city, respectively. Other species were P. salehi, P. ansarii, P. kazerouni, P. caucasicus, P. andrejevi, P. alexandri, P. mongolensis, Sergentomyia sintoni, and S. palestinensis. Conclusion In comparison to some other parts of Iran, the extended period between two peaks suggests that the larvae to adult development of sand fly were delayed by the higher temperature of the summer months in Yazd province.

Highlights

Phlebotominae sand flies are placed in the family Psychodidae
The disease covers a wide range of clinical manifestations, from self-healing lesion that is known as localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to a severe systemic form or visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in which the parasites migrate to the vital organs and if not treated in time can lead to death
Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti, and S. sintoni were collected in all active months

Summary

Introduction

Phlebotominae sand flies are placed in the family Psychodidae. There are more than 900 species and subspecies of sand flies worldwide [1] and the presence of at least six genera, Phlebotomus (Rondani and Berte, 1840), Sergentomyia (Franca and Parrot, 1920), and Chinius (Leng 1987) in the old world and Brumptomyia (Franca and Parrot, 1921), Lutzomyia (Franca, 1924), and Warileya (Hertig, 1948) in the new world has been accepted by most specialists such as Bates et al [1] and Akhoundi et al [2]. Many studies have been conducted in the field of leishmaniasis and there is reduction in the number of reported cutaneous cases of leishmaniasis in Iran [3, 4], but even with the great efforts of health authorities over the last four decades, there is still a considerable number of foci of disease distributed throughout the country [4]. The present study was designed to determine some factors which affect distribution and population size of Phlebotominae sand flies in Yazd city and the suburbs of Yazd. Phlebotominae sand flies are the main vectors of leishmaniasis and some other diseases. A total of 2032 specimens (498 in the city and 1534 in the outskirts of Yazd) belonging to 11 species were collected. In comparison to some other parts of Iran, the extended period between two peaks suggests that the larvae to adult development of sand fly were delayed by the higher temperature of the summer months in Yazd province

Methods

Results

Conclusion