DISTRIBUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SEMANTIC AND SYNTAX VALENCE VERBS IN MODERN FRENCH ARTISTIC TEXT

Abstract

The paper examines the development of the theory of valence of the French verb from L. Tesnière to the present day, elucidates the relationship between distribution and valence, reveals the conditions for realizing potential valence in the context of modern French artistic prose works, elucidates characteristic syntactic constructions for the realization of non-valent, univalent, divalent, trivalent and tetravalent verbs. The purpose of the article is to outline the reasons and regularities of the decrease and increase in the valence of the French verb in the literary text. The material of the research is the syntactic constructions of nine novels by Goncourt laureates of the 21st century, which are reference texts of modern French literary prose. The applied structural research method determined the use of distributive and component analyses, as well as analysis by direct components. It was found that the potential valence established according to the distributional characteristics does not often coincide with the realized valence of the verb in a specific text. The realization of valence is also influenced by the author’s opinion, in particular, this is manifested in the use of agrammatic constructions and the occasional use of verbs, which is provoked by a violation of the distributional characteristics and potential valence of verbs in view of their semantics. The reduction of semantic-syntactic valence in the context of an artistic work is carried out due to the use of ellipses in the dialogues of the characters, which is caused by the author’s desire to reproduce oral speech. An increase in semantic and stylistic valence, in particular in causative and factitive quadrivalent constructions, occurs in the texts of those authors whose style involves the use of syntactically complicated polypropositional sentences. Research perspectives are determined by the field of cognitive syntax, in particular by questions of the roles of circumstances and syntactic synonymy, as well as the reproduction of the prototype of the expressed situation in the distributional characteristics and realization of the valence of the verb.