Abstract
BackgroundBlastocystis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans and animals worldwide. At least 17 subtypes have been identified in mammals and birds. In China, although some studies have reported the occurrence of Blastocystis in humans and animals, our understanding of the role of animals in the transmission of human blastocystosis is only superficial due to a paucity of available molecular data. The aim of the present study was to understand infection rates of Blastocystis and the distribution and genetic diversity of subtypes in various mammal and bird species in northeastern China, as well as to assess the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis isolates.MethodsA total of 1265 fresh fecal specimens (1080 from ten mammal species and 185 from eight bird species) were collected in Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin provinces of China. Each specimen was examined for the presence of Blastocystis by PCR amplification and sequence analysis of the partial SSU rRNA gene.ResultsFifty-four specimens (4.3%) were positive for Blastocystis. Birds (7.0%) had a higher infection rate of Blastocystis than mammals (3.8%). Blastocystis was found in seven mammal species, reindeer (6.7%), sika deer (14.6%), racoon dogs (7.5%), Arctic foxes (1.9%), dogs (2.9%), rats (3.7%) and rabbits (3.3%), as well as three bird species, pigeons (2.1%), chickens (13.0%) and red crowned cranes (14.0%). Eight subtypes were identified including ST1 (n = 5), ST3 (n = 3), ST4 (n = 13), ST6 (n = 8), ST7 (n = 6), ST10 (n = 13), ST13 (n = 4) and ST14 (n = 2). 64.8% (35/54) of Blastocystis isolates belonged to potentially zoonotic subtypes.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report of Blastocystis in reindeer (ST10 and ST13), rabbits (ST4), racoon dogs (ST3) and Arctic foxes (ST1, ST4 and ST7). The findings of potentially zoonotic subtypes suggest that the animals infected with Blastocystis might pose a threat to human health. These data will improve our understanding of the host range and genetic diversity of Blastocystis, and also help develop efficient control strategies to intervene with and prevent the occurrence of human blastocystosis in the investigated areas.
Highlights
Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans and animals worldwide
The present study provides information regarding infection rates of Blastocystis, host distribution and genetic diversity of subtypes and the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis isolates from various mammal and bird species in northeastern China
Blastocystis was only found in seven mammal species, reindeer (6.7%, 7/104), sika deer (14.6%, 12/82), racoon dogs (7.5%, 3/40), Arctic foxes (1.9%, 4/213), domestic dogs (2.9%, 4/136), brown rats (3.7%, 4/108) and New Zealand white rabbits (3.3%, 7/215), as well as three bird species, pigeons (2.1%, 1/47), chickens (13.0%, 6/46) and red crowned cranes (14.0%, 6/43) (Table 1)
Summary
Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans and animals worldwide. The aim of the present study was to understand infection rates of Blastocystis and the distribution and genetic diversity of subtypes in various mammal and bird species in northeastern China, as well as to assess the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis isolates. In northeastern China, Blastocystis is prevalent in common livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats and pigs [12, 13] This pathogen has been found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients (unpublished data) and cancer patients in these areas [14]. The present study provides information regarding infection rates of Blastocystis, host distribution and genetic diversity of subtypes and the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis isolates from various mammal and bird species in northeastern China
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