Abstract
Background There are differences in the distribution and frequency of ABO and D blood groups in different populations of the world. Relatively very little information is available about blood group distributions in the Somali population. Objectives: To identify the distribution and frequency of ABO and D blood groups among the Somali people. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of 1811 enrolled students of Jazeera University was conducted in Jazeera University diagnosis and research center, Mogadishu-Somalia from December 2017 to December 2020. The result was presented as the frequency of each blood group with percentage. A Fisher's exact test was carried out to test the significant association of the ABO blood group with sex and D antigen with sex. Results Blood group O was the most prevalent (61%), followed by A (27%), B (10%), and AB (2%). The D-antigen was present in 97% of participants and 3% were D-negative. The distribution of O+, A+, B+, AB+ among D-positive subjects were 62%, 27%, 9% and 2.0% while that of O-, A-, B- and AB- among D-negative subjects were 57%, 27%, 12% and 3%, respectively. The frequencies of ABO and D-antigens in both male and female subjects were O > A > B > AB. However, this study found no significant difference of ABO with Sex and D-antigens with sex (P-value>0.05). Conclusions The frequency of ABO and D blood groups among the Somalia population was found to be O > A > B > AB which was similar to those reported from most East African populations.
Highlights
There are differences in the distribution and frequency of ABO and D blood groups in different populations of the world
In Jazeera University, every student who enrolls in the University is screened in this center before getting an ID card with his/her name, faculty, department, and blood group
This study determined the distribution and frequency of ABO and D antigens among students of Jazeera University, Mogadishu, where there is a lack of data on this subject
Summary
There are differences in the distribution and frequency of ABO and D blood groups in different populations of the world. Objectives: To identify the distribution and frequency of ABO and D blood groups among the Somali people. The result was presented as the frequency of each blood group with percentage. The frequency of ABO and D blood groups among the Somalia population was found to be O > A > B > AB which was similar to those reported from most East African populations. Knowledge of the frequencies of blood groups is significant to organ transplantation, genetic research, forensic pathology, anthropology, and training ancestral relation of humans, but its prime most important use is for blood transfusion [7]. Bomb expositions and gunshots are the biggest disasters in the country causing lots of injuries and death tolls with a lack of adequate blood supply
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