Abstract
Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), also known as the Asian chestnut gall wasp, is a non-native invasive species that has recently appeared in many regions of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula. This species is an important pest of chestnut trees in several regions and is of concern for foresters in these areas. The results of this research revealed 14 different hotspots of infestation of D. kuriphilus and resulted in the development of models that predict the distribution of D. kuriphilus in Spain over the next 37 years (2019-2055). These results indicate a rapid spread in all Spanish chestnut forests and identify areas that are theoretically highly suitable and susceptible to colonization by this cynipid based on predictions of three different niche models. Although D. kuriphilus is able to induce galls on all chestnut trees, the models indicate that there are differences in the suitability of the different regions for this species. This differential suitability results in some areas having better environmental conditions than others for D. kuriphilus, which is a factor that should be taken into account in its management and biological control. This study of the current distribution, patterns of dispersal using GIS and potentially suitable areas for D. kuriphilus, using niche models will assist in the management and control of this pest in Spain.
Highlights
The Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is a cynipid species native to southern China, where it induces galls on all species of Castanea Mill. (Fagaceae)
The map of the distribution of D. kuriphilus in Spain, which includes all the records available in May 2018, reveals that this species has a disjunct distribution (Fig. 1A), likely caused by long-distance dispersal (LDD) due to human activity, such as chestnut forestry, sporadically isolated trees can become infested resulting from short-distance dispersal (SDD)
In 2018, the spread of D. kuriphilus by SDD into adjacent areas has occurred as the hotspots 1 and 4 have become one continuous hotspot (1&4) as well as has the hotspots 5 and 6 (5&6)
Summary
The Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is a cynipid species native to southern China, where it induces galls on all species of Castanea Mill. (Fagaceae). The Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is a cynipid species native to southern China, where it induces galls on all species of Castanea Mill. It has been reported that D. kuriphilus adversely affects chestnut trees by reducing fruit production by up to 80% (EFSA, 2010), modifying plant architecture (Gehring et al, 2017) and even rarely negatively affecting the survival of trees (Payne et al, 1975) This cynipid is distributed in different regions around the world where chestnut forests are present, such as Japan (Oho & Umeya, 1975), North America (Payne et al, 1975) and Europe (Brussino et al, 2002)
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