Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to map out the distribution and composition of the main active components found in stingless bee propolis from various regions in Indonesia.
 Methods: The stingless bee propolis used was obtained from ten different provinces in Indonesia and the active components analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) pyrolyzer.
 Results: This study found 85 main types of active components with concentrations of ≥ 1%. The most frequently found active component was alpha-d-glucopyranoside, which had an average concentration of 28.20%.
 Conclusion: There were differences between the main active components found in 14 samples of stingless bee propolis obtained from 10 provinces in Indonesia, which was due to the variety of bee species and plant origin.
Highlights
Bees are one of Indonesia’s fauna that can be used for many advantages
Propolis has more than 300 different active components [8], with polyphenols as the main active components found in propolis, which are known to have antibacterial and antioxidant activities [9]
The stingless bee propolis used were obtained from 10 different provinces in Indonesia, namely Tetragonula minangkabau and Sundatrigona moorei from North Sumatra, Tetragonula laeviceps from Banten, Tetragonula laeviceps from West Java, Tetragonula laeviceps from Central Java, Heterotrigona itama from West Borneo, Heterotrigona itama from East Borneo, Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thorasica, Tetragonula laeviceps from South Borneo, Wallacetrigona incisa and Tetragonula biroi from South Sulawesi, Tetragonula fuscobalteata from West Nusa Tenggara, and Tetragonula fuscobalteata from North Maluku
Summary
Species of bees are divided into two main types: stingless bees and sting bees. Indonesia has approximately 46 stingless bee species spread around Sumatra and Borneo [1]. Propolis is mainly used in the health industry as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial treatment and as antioxidant serum [5]. Stingless bee propolis can provide health benefits including the prevention and treatments of diseases and consumed in prescribed dosage [6, 7]. Propolis has more than 300 different active components [8], with polyphenols (flavonoid, phenolic acid, and ester) as the main active components found in propolis, which are known to have antibacterial and antioxidant activities [9]
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