Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing bloodstream infections in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Chengdu

Abstract

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing blood stream infections in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, so as to provide evidences for the clinical diagnosis and effective treatment. Methods Totally 5 010 blood samples collected from AIDS patients from January 2013 to December 2015 were cultured with BacT/Alert 3D 240 system at Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu. Identification and drug susceptibility test of the pathogens were performed with the VITEK2 COMPACT 60. Results A total of 332 pathogenic strains were isolated from 5 010 blood specimens with the positive rate of 6.6%, among which 103 (31.0%) strains were gram-positive, 70 (21.1%) strains were gram-negative, and 159 (47.9%) strains were fungi. The main isolated pathogen was Crytococcus neofonmans (34.3%), followed by Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (13.3%), Penicillium marneffei (13.0 %), Salmonella (6.6%), Escherichia coli (5.4%) and Corynebacterium (4.8%). Most isolated Cryptococcus neoformans were susceptible to commonly used antifungal drugs, 83.3% of Escherichia coli were resistant to ampicillin, of which 66.7% were extraspectrum β-lactamase positive. Conclusions Pathogens causing blood stream infections in AIDS patients are widely distributed in Chengdu, among which Cryptococcus neoformans is the predominant species, indicating a high prevalence coinfection of Cryptococcus neoformans in AIDS patients in this area. Attention of coagulase negative Staphylococci, Penicillium marneffei and Salmonella spp. infection should also be attached. Key words: Blood stream infection; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Pathogens; Distribution; Drug resistance