Abstract
: Recent technological advancements in industrialization and urbanization process have led to release of toxic contaminants like heavy metals in the environment. This study assessed the ability of Cedrela odorata to accumulate and distribute heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Co in their roots and shoots planted in dumpsite soil by determining the distribution factors and enrichment coefficients between soils and plant parts. Heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) before planting were Cu (48.01-356.71), Pb (28.42-26.48), Zn (39.99- 437.88), Cd (0.69-9.59) and Co (16.88-29.22) while their concentrations after planting were Cu (8.12-226.56), Pb (11.22-227.41), Zn (7.66-321.51), Cd (0.31-4.78) and Co (3.21-14.11). Heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in roots were Cu (9.93-20.11), Pb (7.26-15.21), Zn (9.05-22.35), Cd (0.11-0.99) and Co (4.56-6.11) and their concentration shoots of the plant were Cu (18.01-35.22), Pb (9.01-17.51), Zn (18.66-37.86), Cd (0.15-1.32) and Co (6.45-8.01). Enrichment coefficients and distribution factors were 0.1-1.21 and 1.29- 2.08 respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in dumpsite soil were found to be greater than control soil.The reductionobserved in concentrations of heavy metals in soils after planting indicated their enrichment in the plant tissues. Values of enrichment coefficients and distribution factors indicated the potential of Cedrela odorata as phytoextractor plant. This study has further proven the efficacy and ability of Cedrela odorata to accumulate and distribute heavy metals in its tissue parts. Thus Cedrela odorata seedlings can be used to clean or rehabilitate soils that are contaminated with the studied heavy metals.Keywords: Heavy metal uptake, Cedrela odorata, Dumpsite, Enrichment Coefficients, Distribution Factors.
Highlights
Fast growing industrial and development in the past two decades have amplified the amount and miscellany of toxic and hazardous wastes in the environment
Heavy metal contamination can come from natural or anthropogenic origins such as soil erosion, natural weathering of the earth's crust, mining, industrial effluents, urban runoff; sewage discharge, insect or disease control agents applied to crops, and spent oil (Moraiset al., 2012; Jaishankaret al., 2014).heavy metals contamination has become aworldwide environmental concern with its potential ecological effect (Ani, 2006; Liu et al, 2009; Hu et al, 2017)
High organic matter content in the soil in the T2 can be attributed to decomposition and composting processes of the animals waste, plants/vegetable matter and polymer or plastic materials and washed away agricultural chemicals that passed through the dump sit and this confirms why farmers consciously choose to farm on such site ( Ebong et al.,2008).Solid waste dumpsites have been reported to be rich in organic matter which is the source of nitrogen and phosphorus which enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth
Summary
Fast growing industrial and development in the past two decades have amplified the amount and miscellany of toxic and hazardous wastes in the environment. Metals with specific density of at least 5 times greater than that of water, 1 g cm-3 are known as heavy metals and have a specific density greater than 5g/cm (Kabata-Pendias, 2001; Adams, 2013) According to Brady (2002), heavy metals can be classified into two; essential and non-essential elements for living of organisms. Essential elements such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co and Mo, as Ni and Cr are beneficial elements that have known biological functions to microorganisms while Cd, Hg, Pb and As and As are considered as non-essential elements because they do not have significant functions. Waste dumpsite is final place for all types of waste, either municipal solid waste, collected and transported directly to landfills, or industrial waste or other materials from waste treatment facilities
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