Abstract
This paper presents a distributed optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm for the system-level control of multi-terminal DC (MTDC) distribution grids with distributed energy resources (DER). At each control period, the algorithm updates the nominal voltage and power set-points of the DER-interfacing converters, which operate according to active network management (ANM) concepts. To achieve this, the OPF problem, in its nodal formulation, includes power dispatch strategies for diverse DER according to their technical characteristics, which change during the system operation. This multi-objective OPF-for-ANM problem is solved by distributed control units (DCUs) according to the distributed algorithm for the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). All DCUs have identical roles in the distributed control structure and thus the distributed OPF-for-ANM algorithm is highly modular. Simulation results in different IEEE standard systems and various scenarios demonstrate that the algorithm is fast and scalable, irrespective of the number and location of integrated DER, as well as the operating condition of the system. The convergence speed of the algorithm is analysed considering the computation and communication time needed for its execution. The online application in a computers cluster demonstrates the fast execution of the developed algorithm in a physically-distributed implementation. Through the proposed OPF-for-ANM algorithm, the system-level control can dispatch fast diverse DER in different coordination approaches in a distributed manner.
Highlights
The recent advancements in power electronic converters and the desired high integration of distributed energy resources (DER) in the power systems have stimulated the development of DC distribution grids
POWER DISPATCH STRATEGIES FOR DER we present the modifications in the nodal formulation of the classical optimal power flow (OPF) problem presented in Section II, to form the nodal OPF-for-active network management (ANM) sub-problem
Our simulations focus on the verification of the distributed algorithm to solve fast the OPF-for-ANM problem and realise the system-level control of the DER-dominated multi-terminal DC (MTDC) grids
Summary
The recent advancements in power electronic converters and the desired high integration of distributed energy resources (DER) in the power systems have stimulated the development of DC distribution grids. We include an additional step in the initial algorithm from [4], to determine at each control period the parameters of this OPF-for-ANM problem (terms of objective function and constraints limits), which are related to the technical characteristics of the DER that change during the system operation These parameters are determined in a distributed manner irrespective of the global or local principle of the power dispatch strategy. To the best of our knowledge, such distributed system-level control for MTDC grids, which provides the nominal DC voltage at each node of the power system, while dispatching diverse DER according to their different operational objectives, is proposed for the first time in literature.
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