Abstract
In this paper, a protocol called distributed genetic algorithm for lifetime coverage optimisation (DiGALCO) is suggested to preserve the coverage and enhance the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN). DiGALCO combines three energy-efficient schemes: virtual network subdivision into subfields, distributed cluster head selection in each subfield, followed by sensor activity scheduling-based genetic algorithm (GA) optimisation performed by each cluster head. DiGALCO works into rounds. Each round consists of three phases: discovery, cluster head selection and GA decision and sensing. The decision process, which results in an activity scheduling vector, is achieved by a cluster head node through executing the GA to pick out a set of sensors staying active for monitoring through the current sensing round. In comparison with other protocols, several experimental results were done by using OMNeT++ network simulator show that DiGALCO is capable of prolonging the lifetime of WSN and gives enhanced coverage performance.
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