Abstract
Owing to liberalization of electricity market, technology evolution, energy security, environmental issues and growing concerns of energy cost, the penetration of distributed energy units in distribution network is increasingly observed worldwide. Penetratingrembedded generation, or distributedrgeneration (DG), in powerrdistribution grid requires asnumber of issues to be considered, such as definition of DG, rating of DG, the best DG technology etc. This paper presents an extensive critical review of various dimensions of distributed generation (DG) including definitions, generation technologies and their status, impact on distribution network performance etc. The study also presents comparative study between the various technologies in terms of most important technological characteristics of each DG technology. The policy makers, utility regulators and DG planning engineers can use this critical review, withoutigoing through complicatedicomputations, as guidelines to makeipolicies, standards andidecisions in DG penetration andirelated issues.
Highlights
SinceDthe emergenceDof AlternatingSCurrent (AC) electricalisystems and theiability to transportilarge blocks ofipower over longidistances, the top – downiparadigm has governed electricitykkgeneration andkksupply
In regards to the specification of distributed generation (DG) power units, some countries define DG according to its voltage level at which it is interconnected, while other countries follow the principle that Distributed Generation is connected to circuits that feed directly to consumer loads"
On the basis of Purpose of Interconnection: Generation units should by definition at least supply active power in order to be considered as distributed generation
Summary
SinceDthe emergenceDof AlternatingSCurrent (AC) electricalisystems and theiability to transportilarge blocks ofipower over longidistances, the top – downiparadigm has governed electricitykkgeneration andkksupply. In the liberalized electricity market of today, the market players are not convinced to take investment decisions in multibillion power generation and transmission projects because of very long payback period These key concerns, and the liberalization of the electricity sector and decentralization of power systems, along with exponentially growing consumers’ demand globally has made DG technologies an attractive and viable solution to provide power generation of the future (Allan et al, 2015). Despitepthese potentialpptheoretical benefits of distributedienergyigeneration, thereiare still complexities and constraints (technical, economic and regulatory) involvedrin its furtherrpenetration intorthe energy mix, and restricting progress towards a new model of electric networks (Adil and Ko, 2016) These issues and complexities must be addressed and resolved, toipave the wayifor a sustainableienergy future basedion a large share of DG. The objective ofDthe present paper isDto provide a comprehensiveDRreview of distributed generation definitions and technologies, drivers towards DG growth, and the benefitsDoffered by DGDintegration to the distribution network
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