Abstract
Aiming at qualitative study, analytical expressions of equivalent noise figure (ENF) and other noise characteristics of distributed fiber Raman amplifier (DFRA) are derived, including difference in polarization state and attenuation coefficients between pump and signal light(s) as well as multiple-wavelength pumping. Impact of ENF and polarization factor on DFRA performance and optical signal-to-noise ratio improvement ( ΔOSNR) of a cascaded DFRA+EDFA (erbium-doped fiber amplifier, EDFA) is investigated. With increasing DFRA on–off gain, ΔOSNR increases first linearly and then logarithmically, leading to saturation. Effects such as pump depletion by signal, pump–pump interactions and temperature dependence of noise are ignored. Analytical results agree fairly well with existing work. Based on these results, some guidelines on DFRA design is proposed.
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