Abstract
With distributed photovoltaic (DPV) rapidly developing in recent years, the mismatch between residential load and DPV output leads to serious voltage quality problems. A double layer nested model of distributed energy storage (DES) planning is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. The inner optimization model is established for optimizing DES and DPV operation strategy considering the optimization of voltage quality evaluation results. The voltage quality evaluation indicators include three-phase voltage unbalance, voltage deviation and voltage fluctuation. The outer optimization model is established for DES siting and sizing considering the cost performance ratio of voltage quality improvement. The reactive power output of DPV and DES are the main factors to be considered. The modified particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to solve this model. Simulation results of the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network demonstrate that the voltage safety margin is enhanced and the subsequent voltage management cost is reduced.
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