Distribuição espacial e características clínico epidemiológicas dos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave por covid-19 no Brasil: estudo das duas primeiras ondas

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The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the COVID-19 etiological agent, has been established as a challenge for health systems and can present as Flu Syndrome (FS) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This work was aimed at describing the clinical epidemiological profile of SARS cases due to COVID-19 and the spatial distribution of the incidence among the Federative Units of Brazil (FU) in the first two waves. This is a descriptive and ecological study, with the FU as settings. The data collected are related to SARS cases due to COVID-19, with a time frame between March 2020 and June 2021. The sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables were selected with their respective absolute and relative values. The spatial distribution of incidence was determined to identify the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the first two waves. A total of 613,324 SARS cases due to COVID-19 were reported, most were related to males, aged>60 years, typified as non-nosocomial and with a healing outcome; signs and symptoms were: cough,fever, dyspnea, and at least presence of one comorbidity. The average incidence in the countrywas 286.85 cases/100,000 inhabitants, while the Moran Index showed statistical significance I=0.329 (p value<0.001), with global spatial autocorrelation of the incidence in the second wave. The distribution was heterogeneous. These results constitute subsidies for management in health systems and services regarding the strategic implementation for the control and clinical management of this disease.