Distribuição espacial da tuberculose e a relação com condições de vida na área urbana do município de Campina Grande - 2004 a 2007

Rodrigo Pinheiro Fernandes De Queiroga,Lenilde Duarte De Sá,Ana Cristina Oliveira Silva,José Ueleres Braga,Patrícia Geórgia Oliveira Diniz Pinheiro,Jordana De Almeida Nogueira,Eduardo Rodrigues Viana De Lima

doi:10.1590/s1415-790x2012000100020

Abstract

This research aimed to study the spatial distribution of tuberculosis and its relationship with living conditions in the urban area of the city of Campina Grande in the period from 2004 until 2007. It is an ecologic study which used the city's neighborhood distribution; demographic, social and economic data from year 2000 census; and the new cases of tuberculosis reported to the Disease and Reporting Information System. Georeferencing was done for the cases of tuberculosis, and disease incidence was calculated by neighborhood. Rates were softened and the Global Moran Index was calculated. Social-economic data were grouped in quartiles according to the Life Condition Index, calculating the incidence of TB in each stratum of living conditions. The results showed that the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in the city is not uniform. Grouping neighborhoods according to the Life Conditions Index revealed social differences that can justify the occurrence of higher incidence rates in the most socially and economically vulnerable regions. The best living condition stratum presented a high incidence possibly due to the underreporting of the cases of tuberculosis caused mainly by the centralization of disease control services. We hope that this study may help outline control strategies for the city of Campina Grande, from the perspective of health promotion, for a disease so socially determined, as is the case of TB.

Highlights

A pesquisa objetivou estudar a distribuição espacial da tuberculose e a sua relação com condições de vida na área urbana do município de Campina Grande no período de 2004 a 2007
The autocorrelation did not present statistic significance for the year of 2005 and for the rate of the period from 2004 to 2007. It can be said for the years of 2004 (Moran = 0,15 and value of p = 0,03), 2006 (Moran = 0,17 and value of p = 0,02) and 2007 (Moran = 0,16 and value of p = 0,02) that there is a positive autocorrelation, given that the value of the Index of Moran found was bigger than zero; this means that there is a relation of spatial dependence with tendency of neighbor neighborhoods presenting similar incidence rates
The map of the distribution of the soften rate of incidence of the TB in the period from 2004-2007 in the neighborhoods of the urban area of the city of Campina Grande presents a pattern of distribution well defined with the presence of an agglomeration formed by eight neighborhoods between the neighborhood Centro and neighborhoods of the region north and east which present rates that represent a bigger vulnerability for the TB

Summary

Introduction

A pesquisa objetivou estudar a distribuição espacial da tuberculose e a sua relação com condições de vida na área urbana do município de Campina Grande no período de 2004 a 2007. Realizou-se o georeferenciamento dos casos de tuberculose e calculou-se a taxa de incidência da doença por bairro. O agrupamento dos bairros de acordo com o Índice de Condições de Vida revelou diferenças sociais que podem justificar a ocorrência das maiores taxas de incidência nas regiões social e economicamente mais vulneráveis. O estrato de melhor condição de vida apresentou elevada incidência, possivelmente devido à subnotificação dos casos de tuberculose causada principalmente pela centralização do serviço de controle da doença. Espera-se que este estudo possa subsidiar o delineamento das estratégias de controle no município de Campina Grande, na perspectiva da promoção da saúde, de uma doença tão caracteristicamente de determinação social como a TB

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