Distracted pedestrians crossing behaviour: Application of immersive head mounted virtual reality

Abstract

The use of virtual reality in transportation studies has gained interest in the past several years. Its ability to simulate real events in order to study perception and behaviour has led to safer and more controlled environments. In our study, an Immersive Head Mounted Virtual Reality (IHMVR) device is used to evaluate pedestrian crossing behaviour when 1) pedestrians are not distracted, 2) pedestrians are distracted with a hand held device, and 3) a safety measure is implemented on the road for distracted pedestrians with a hand held device. The proposed safety measure aims to alert distracted pedestrian by flashing LED lights on the crosswalk when pedestrian initiated crossing. A group of 25 students from Montreal, Canada, participated in the three crossing scenarios and their wait time, crossing time, speed, and acceleration were collected. For the safety analysis, both Time-to-Collision (TTC) and Post-Encroachment-Time (PET) surrogate measures were computed. The design and development of the road crossing implemented in the IHMVR is based on an existing road crossing in Montreal and its real time traffic information. The results from our study indicated safer crossing decisions from non-distracted pedestrian, compared to distracted pedestrian. The scenario with the implemented preventative measure did not improve safety, however it increased the successful crossing rate. Wait time for non-distracted pedestrian was shorter compared to distracted pedestrians who took longer to identify a safe crossing gap and initiate crossing. The crossing speed for distracted pedestrians with no safety countermeasure was higher due to their poor crossing choice compared to non-distracted participants.