Abstract
The migration time scales of different ions in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite devices are identified by a facile photovoltage-buildup technique. The cation-related slow migration is found to be the primary factor that determines the hysteresis, given a great match between the migration dynamics and the scanning rate of photoelectric measurements. The steric hindrance effects can significantly tune the ion migration dynamics. Introducing a large cation (formamidinium) or a little amount of small anion (bromide) will slow down or accelerate the cation migration, respectively. The proposed modification method should be an ideal strategy for suppressing the hysteresis phenomenon in perovskite solar cells.
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