Abstract
Aim: To determine if the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and deciduous molar hypomineralisation (DMH) is associated with the socioeconomic status of the child and to determine the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and MIH/DMH comorbidity in the study population. Methods: Information was collected on the sex and socioeconomic status of the 1,169 study participants’ resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, recruited through a household survey. The children were clinically examined to assess for the presence of enamel hypoplasia, MIH and DMH. Associations between sex, socioeconomic status and the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, MIH and DMH were determined. The proportion of children with enamel hypoplasia and MIH/DMH co-morbidity was also determined. Results: Among the 1,169 study participants, 47(4.0%) had MIH, 15 (1.3%) had DMH and 161 (13.8%) had enamel hypoplasia. One (0.09%) study participant had MIH/DMH co-morbidity, 12 (1.0%) had DMH/enamel hypoplasia co-morbidity, and 9 (0.8%) had MIH/hypoplasia co-morbidity. There was no significant association between the socioeconomic status and presence of enamel hypoplasia (p=0.22), MIH (p=0.78) or DMH (p=1.00). Conclusions: The socioeconomic status cannot be used as a distinguishing factor for enamel hypoplasia, MIH and DMH. The possibility of co-existence of enamel hypoplasia and MIH/DMH makes it imperative to find ways to distinguish between the lesions.
Highlights
Received for publication: November 15, 2015 Accepted: December 13, 2015Correspondence to: Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDevelopmental defects of enamel (DDE) are well recognized in the dental literature and defined as any alteration resulting from diverse disturbances during the process of odontogenesis caused by hereditary, local or systemic factors[1]
This study aimed to determine if the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and deciduous molar hypomineralisation (DMH) is associated with the socioeconomic status of the child
Sample size: The sample size required to determine if there was an association between different socioeconomic status and enamel hypoplasia using a prevalence of 18.9%15, to determine if there was an association between different socioeconomic status and MIH using a prevalence of 19.2%9 and to determine if there was an association between different socioeconomic status and DMH using a prevalence of 4.6%8 is 1,169
Summary
Received for publication: November 15, 2015 Accepted: December 13, 2015Correspondence to: Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDevelopmental defects of enamel (DDE) are well recognized in the dental literature and defined as any alteration resulting from diverse disturbances during the process of odontogenesis caused by hereditary, local or systemic factors[1]. Lesions may appear opaque due to hypo-mineralization, which causes alteration in the translucency of enamel. These opacities may be white, cream, yellow or brown in color. It may be difficult to distinguish between hypoplasia and post-eruptive enamel loss[4] This challenge may be real in regions where the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and enamel hypomineralization is high. Nigeria is one such country: the prevalence of DDE is approximately 4% in the primary dentition[5] and 6.0 11.7% in the permanent dentition[6,7].
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