Abstract
Plesiomonas shigelloides are gram-negative, thermotolerant, motile, and pleomorphic microorganisms that are only distantly related to those of the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families. One of the most common sources of P. shigelloides contamination is human stool, but it may also be found in a wide range of other animals, plants, and aquatic habitats. Antimicrobial resistance in P. shigelloides from seawater and shellfish was investigated, and pathogenicity involved genes were characterized as part of this study. Out of 384 samples of shellfish, 5.7% included P. shigelloides. The presence of P. shigelloides was also discovered in 5% of the seawater sampled. The antimicrobial resistance of 23 P. shigelloides isolates derived from those samples was investigated. All isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, carbenicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin in the study. Several strains isolated from diseased shellfish were tested for virulence in shellfish by intraperitoneal injections. The LD50 values ranged from 12 × 108 to 3 × 1012 cfu/shellfish. When looking for possible virulence factors that may play a significant role in bacterial infection in the current study, we found that all of these genes were present in these strains. These include genes such as elastase, lipase, flagellin, enterotoxin, and DNases. According to these findings, shellfish may serve as a reservoir for multi-resistant P. shigelloides and help spread virulence genes across the environment.
Highlights
Aquaculture’s bivalves shellfish are a major food source with a global output and commercial worth [1]
We studied the pathogenicity of P. shigelloides, which was validated by conducting infectivity testing
P. shigelloides isolates from shellfish samples totaled 5.7%
Summary
Aquaculture’s bivalves shellfish are a major food source with a global output and commercial worth [1]. Following an increase in bivalve clam consumption, reports of infectious seafood outbreaks have become increasingly common. As bivalves grow and mature, harmful bacteria thrive and their metabolites build up in their bodies [2]. A complicated hydromechanical capacity of bivalves to filter surrounding water and accumulate harmful bacteria contained therein that may cause a variety of infectious illnesses in humans is demonstrated by their role as filter animals [3]. The consumption of raw or barely cooked bivalve shellfish raises the danger of exposure to infectious pathogens [4]. It would be ideal to cultivate and collect mollusks in places free of coastal water contamination, but this is difficult from a production standpoint because of their scarcity of places free of contamination [5,6]
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