Abstract
SummaryHIV-1 elite controllers (EC) are a rare but heterogeneous group of HIV-1-infected individuals who can suppress viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. The mechanisms of how EC achieve undetectable viral loads remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate host plasma metabolomics and targeted plasma proteomics in a Swedish HIV-1 cohort including EC and treatment-naïve viremic progressors (VP) as well as HIV-negative individuals (HC) to get insights into EC phenotype. Metabolites belonging to antioxidant defense had higher levels in EC relative to VP, whereas inflammation markers were increased in VP compared with EC. Only four plasma proteins (CCL4, CCL7, CCL20, and NOS3) were increased in EC compared with HC, and CCL20/CCR6 axis can play an essential role in EC status. Our study suggests that low-level inflammation and oxidative stress at physiological levels could be important factors contributing to elite control phenotype.
Highlights
HIV-1 elite controllers (EC) are a heterogeneous group among HIV-1-infected individuals who can suppress viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART)
This study aimed to investigate host plasma metabolomics and targeted plasma proteomics in a Swedish HIV-1 cohort including EC and treatment-naıve viremic progressors (VP) as well as HIV-negative individuals (HC) to get insights into EC phenotype
Metabolites belonging to antioxidant defense had higher levels in EC relative to VP, whereas inflammation markers were increased in VP compared with EC
Summary
HIV-1 elite controllers (EC) are a heterogeneous group among HIV-1-infected individuals who can suppress viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Specific definitions for EC vary, EC maintain low levels of HIV-RNA and physiological levels of CD4+ T cell counts without showing any clinical symptoms of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS for a prolonged period. They are a rare patient subset (
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